Published:

Glassmire, A.E., W.P. Carson, A.M. Smilanich, L.A. Richards, C.S. Jeffrey, C.D. Dodson, C.S. Philbin, G.L. Humberto, and L.A. Dyer. 2023. Multiple and contrasting pressures determine intraspecific phytochemical variation in a tropical shrub. Oecologia 201:991-1003. [PDF] 

Knauer, A., T.L. Betras, A.A. Royo, T.P. Diggins, and W.P. Carson. 2023. Understory plant communities fail to recover diversity after excluding deer for nearly 20 years. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 53:379-390. [PDF] 

Spicer, M.E., A.A. Royo, J.W. Wenzel, and W.P. Carson. 2023. Understory plant growth forms respond independently to combined natural and anthropogenic disturbances. Forest Ecology and Management 543:121077.

Betras, T.L., E. de Cortie, A. Carrol, R. Utz, and W.P. Carson. 2022. Do invasive species provide a refuge from browsers? A test of associational resistance in a peri-urban habitat plagued by deer. Forest Ecology and Management 510:120086. [PDF] 

Martin, G.D., E.M. Morrissey, W.P. Carson, and Z.B. Freedman. 2022. A legacy of fire emerges from multiple disturbances to most shape microbial and nitrogen dynamics in a deciduous forest. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 169:108672. [PDF] 

Royo, A.A., and W.P. Carson. 2022. Stasis in forest regeneration following deer exclusion and understory gap creation: A ten-year experiment. Ecological Applications 32:e2569. [PDF] 

Spicer, M.E., J. Ortega, and W.P. Carson. 2022. Substrate texture and natural removal processes mediate vascular epiphyte establishment: Experimental evidence from a Panamanian cloud forest. Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society 149:86-97. [PDF] 

Carson, W.P., S.E. Kuebbing, T.L. Betras, A.S. Campbell, E.W. McQueen, C.L. Moore, C.F. Olmsted, L.B. Roberts, and N.N. Washington. 2021. Advice on applying to graduate school in ecology and evolutionary biology: How to prepare and a step-by-step guide. Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America 102:e01917. [PDF] 

Olmsted, C.F., T. Betras, S.C. Pasquini, S. DeStefano, E. Faison, and W.P. Carson. 2021. Characteristics of stem-breaking by moose (Alces alces, Cervidae): A case study and worldwide review. Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society 147:204-315. [PDF] 

Sutton, S., S.C. Pasquini, T.D. Swanson, and W.P. Carson. 2021. On the occurrence of a highly localized outbreak of a saturniid in lowland east Ecuador: A case study and literature review. Neotropical Biodiversity 7:39-44. [PDF] 

Slyder, J.B., J.W. Wenzel, A.A. Royo, M.E. Spicer, and W.P. Carson. 2020. Post-windthrow salvage logging increases seedling and understory diversity with little impact on composition immediately after logging. New Forests 51:409-420. [PDF] 

Spicer, M.E., H. Mellor*, and W.P. Carson. 2020. Seeing beyond the trees: A comparison of tropical and temperate plant growth forms and their vertical distribution. Ecology 101:e02974. [PDF]

Utz, R.M., A. Slater, H.R. Rosche, and W.P. Carson. 2020. Do dense layers of invasive plants elevate the foraging intensity of small mammals in temperate deciduous forests? A case study from Pennsylvania, USA. NeoBiota 56:73-88. [PDF]

Chen, W., J. Zhong, W.P. Carson, Z. Tang, Z. Xie, S. Sun, and Y. Zhou. 2019. Proximity to roads disrupts rodents’ contributions to seed dispersal services and subsequent recruitment dynamics. Journal of Ecology 107:2623-2634. [PDF]

Griffin, E.A., J.G. Harrison, S.W. Kembel, A.A. Carrell, S.J. Wright, and W.P. Carson. 2019. Plant host identity and soil macronutrients explain little variation in sapling endophyte community composition: Is disturbance an alternative explanation? Journal of Ecology 107(4):1876-1889. [PDF]

Griffin, E.A., and W.P. Carson. 2018. Tropical tree endophytes: Cryptic drivers of forest diversity, species composition, and ecosystem function. Pages 63-103 in A.M. Pirttilä, and C.A. Frank, eds. Endophytes of Forest Trees: Biology and Applications, 2nd Edition. Springer. [PDF]

Spicer, M.E., K.F. Suess*, J.W. Wenzel, and W.P. Carson. 2018. Does salvage logging erase a key physical legacy of a tornado blowdown? A case study of tree tip-up mounds. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 48:976-982. [PDF]

Stacey*, V., C.J. Majetic*, and W.P. Carson. 2018. Percentage cover of lichens and bryophytes on three host tree species in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan and northern Wisconsin. Great Lakes Botanist 57:15-22. [PDF] 

Frigoletto, E.*, P. Wylie*, S.C. Pasquini, and W.P. Carson. 2017. Excluding deer increases the proportion of beech saplings originating from seed versus those of root sprout origin. Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society 144:379-384. [PDF]

Griffin, E.A., S.J. Wright, P.J. Morin, and W. P. Carson. 2017. Pervasive interactions between foliar microbes and soil nutrients mediate leaf production and herbivore damage in a tropical forest. New Phytologist 216: 99-112. [PDF]

Meiners, S.J., K.K. Phipps, T.H. Pendergast, IV, T. Canam, and W.P. Carson. 2017. Soil microbial communities alter leaf chemistry and influence allelopathic potential among coexisting plant species. Oecologia 183(4):1155-1165. [PDF]

Griffin, E.A., M.B. Traw, P.J. Morin, J.N. Pruitt, S.J. Wright, and W.P. Carson. 2016. Foliar bacteria and soil fertility mediate seedling performance: A new yet cryptic dimension of niche differentiation. Ecology 97(11):2998-3008. [PDF]

Pendergast, T.H., IV, S.M. Hanlon, Z.M. Long, A.A. Royo, and W.P. Carson. 2016. The legacy of deer overabundance: Long-term delays in herbaceous understory recovery. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 46:362-369. [PDF]

Roberson, E.J., M.J. Chips, W.P. Carson, and T.P. Rooney. 2016. Deer herbivory reduces web-building spider abundance by simplifying forest vegetation structure? PeerJ 4:e2538. [PDF]

Royo, A.A., C.J. Peterson, J. Stanovick, and W.P. Carson. 2016. Evaluating the ecological impacts of salvage logging: Can natural and anthropogenic disturbances promote coexistence? Ecology. 97(6):1566-1582. [PDF]

Schnitzer, S.A., and W.P. Carson. 2016. Would ecology fail the repeatability test? BioScience 66(2):98-99. [PDF]

Chips, M.J., E.H. Yerger, A. Hervanek, T. Nuttle, A.A. Royo, J.N. Pruitt, T.P. McGlynn, C.L. Riggall, and W.P. Carson. 2015. The indirect impact of long-term overbrowsing on insects in the Allegheny National Forest region of Pennsylvania. Northeastern Naturalist 22(4):782-797. [PDF]

DeWalt, S.J., S.A. Schnitzer, L.F. Alves, F. Bongers, R.J. Burnham, Z. Cai, W.P. Carson, and 29 others. 2015. Biogeographical patterns of liana abundance and diversity. Pages 131-146 in S.A. Schnitzer, F. Bongers, R.J. Burnham, and F.E. Putz, editors. Ecology of lianas. Wiley-Blackwell Publishing, Oxford, UK. [PDF]

Griffin, E.A., and W.P. Carson. 2015. The ecology and natural history of foliar bacteria with a focus on tropical forests and agroecosystems. Botanical Review 81:105-149. [PDF]

Hovick, S.M., and W.P. Carson. 2015. Tailoring biocontrol to maximize top-down effects: On the importance of underlying site fertility. Ecological Applications 25(1):125-139. [PDF]

Keiser, C.N., J.B. Slyder, W.P. Carson, and J.N. Pruitt. 2015. Individual differences in predators but not producers mediate the magnitude of a trophic cascade. Arthropod-Plant Interactions 9:225-232. [PDF]

Kurten, E.L., and W.P. Carson. 2015. Do ground-dwelling vertebrates promote diversity in a Neotropical forest? Results from a long-term experiment. BioScience 65:862-870. [PDF]

Kurten, E.L., S.J. Wright, and W.P. Carson. 2015. Hunting alters seedling functional trait composition in a Neotropical forest. Ecology 96(7):1923-1932. [PDF]

Michel, N.L., T.W. Sherry, and W.P. Carson. 2015. Do collared peccaries negatively impact understory insectivorous rainforest birds indirectly via lianas and vines? Biotropica 47(6):745-757. [PDF]

Yanoviak, S.P., E.M. Gora, J. Fredley, P.M. Bitzer, R.-M. Muzika, and W.P. Carson. 2015. Direct effects of lightning in temperate forests: A review and preliminary survey in a hemlock-hardwood forest of the northern United States. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 45:1258-1268. [PDF]

Carson, W.P., A.A. Royo, and C.J. Peterson. 2014. A pox on our land: A case study of chronic deer overbrowsing throughout the Allegheny National Forest region of Pennsylvania. Pages 400-411 in F.S. Gilliam and M.R. Roberts, editors. The herbaceous layer in forests of eastern North America, 2nd edition. Oxford University Press, New York, New York, USA. [TOC]

Chips, M.J., M.R. Magliocca*, B. Hasson*, and W.P. Carson. 2014. Quantifying deer and turkey leaf litter disturbances in the eastern deciduous forest: Have nontrophic effects of consumers been overlooked? Canadian Journal of Forest Research 44:1128-1132. [PDF]

Gora, E.M.*, L.L. Battaglia, H.B. Schumacher, and W.P. Carson. 2014. Patterns of coarse woody debris volume among 18 late-successional and mature forest stands in Pennsylvania. Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society 141(2):151-160. [PDF]

Hirsch, B.T., D. Martinez, E.L. Kurten, D.D. Brown, and W.P. Carson. 2014. Mammalian insectivores exert top-down effects on Azteca ants. Biotropica 46(4):489-494. [PDF]

Michel, N.L., T.W. Sherry, and W.P. Carson. 2014. The omnivorous collared peccary negates an insectivore-generated trophic cascade in Costa Rican wet tropical forest understorey. Journal of Tropical Ecology 30:1-11. [PDF]

Peterson, C.J., J.J. Dosch, and W.P. Carson. 2014. Pasture succession in the Neotropics: Extending the nucleation hypothesis into a matrix discontinuity hypothesis. Oecologia 175:1325-1335 [PDF]

Schnitzer, S.A., G. van der Heijden, J. Mascaro, and W.P. Carson. 2014. Lianas in gaps reduce carbon accumulation in a tropical forest. Ecology 95(11):3008-3017. [PDF]

Thomas-Van Gundy, M., J. Rentch, M.B. Adams, and W.P. Carson. 2014. Reversing legacy effects in the understory of an oak-dominated forest. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 44:350-364. [PDF]

Nuttle, T., A.A. Royo, M.B. Adams, and W.P. Carson. 2013. Historic disturbance regimes promote tree diversity only under low browsing regimes in eastern deciduous forest. Ecological Monographs 83(1):3-17. [PDF]

Pendergast, T.H., IV, D.J. Burke, and W.P. Carson. 2013. Belowground biotic complexity drives aboveground dynamics: A test of the soil community feedback model. New Phytologist 197:1300-1310. [PDF]

Peterson, C.J., L.M. Krueger, A.A. Royo, S. Stark, and W.P. Carson. 2013. Disturbance size and severity covary in small and mid-size wind disturbances in Pennsylvania northern hardwoods forests. Forest Ecology and Management 302:273-279. [PDF]

Reider, K.E., W.P. Carson, and M.A. Donnelly. 2013. Effects of collared peccary (Pecari tajacu) exclusion on leaf litter amphibians and reptiles in a Neotropical wet forest, Costa Rica. Biological Conservation 163:90-98. [PDF]

Schumacher, H.B., and W.P. Carson. 2013. Biotic homogenization of the sapling layer in 19 late-successional and old-growth forest stands in Pennsylvania. Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society 140(3):313-328. [PDF]

Yorke, S.R., S.A. Schnitzer, J. Mascaro, S.G. Letcher, and W.P. Carson. 2013. Increasing liana abundance and basal area in a tropical forest: The contribution of long-distance clonal colonization. Biotropica 45(3):317-324. [PDF]

Dyer, L.A., W.P. Carson, and E.G. Leigh, Jr. 2012. Insect outbreaks in tropical forests: Patterns, mechanisms, and consequences. Pages 217-245 in P. Barbosa, D.K. Letourneau, and A.A. Agrawal, editors. Insect outbreaks revisited. Wiley-Blackwell Publishing, Oxford, UK. [PDF]

Hovick, S.M., C.J. Peterson, and W.P. Carson. 2012. Predicting invasiveness and range size in wetland plants using biological traits: A multivariate experimental approach. Journal of Ecology 100:1373-1382. [PDF]

Goetsch, C.*, J. Wigg*, A.A. Royo, T. Ristau, and W.P. Carson. 2011. Chronic over browsing and biodiversity collapse in a forest understory in Pennsylvania: Results from a 60 year-old deer exclusion plot. Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society 138(2):220-224. [PDF]

Griffin, E.A., R. Bendis, N. Brouwer, J. Hua, M. Koski, G. Meindl, and W.P. Carson. 2011. Review of: Tropical rain forest ecology, diversity, and conservation, J. Ghazoul and D. Sheil, 2010. Plant Science Bulletin 57(2):71-73. [PDF]

Hovick, S.M., D.E. Bunker, C.J. Peterson, and W.P. Carson. 2011. Purple loosestrife suppresses plant species colonization far more than broad-leaved cattail: Experimental evidence with plant community implications. Journal of Ecology 99:225-234. [PDF]

Kain, M.*, L. Battaglia, A. Royo, and W.P. Carson. 2011. Over-browsing in Pennsylvania creates a depauperate forest dominated by an understory tree: Results from a 60-year-old deer exclosure. Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society 138(3):322-326. [PDF]

Cronin, J.P., S.J. Tonsor, and W.P. Carson. 2010. A simultaneous test of trophic interaction models: Which vegetation characteristic explains herbivore control over plant community mass? Ecology Letters 13:202-212. [PDF]

Maron, J.L., D.E. Pearson, S.M. Hovick, and W.P. Carson. 2010. Funding needed for assessments of weed biological control. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 8(3):122-123. [PDF]

Royo, A.A., and W.P. Carson. 2010. The formation of dense understory layers in forests worldwide: Consequences and implications for forest dynamics, biodiversity, and succession. Pages 469-496 in J.M. Pye, H.M. Rauscher, Y. Sands, D.C. Lee, and J.S. Beatty, editors. Advances in threat assessment and their application to forest and rangeland management. General Technical Report PNW-802. United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Portland, Oregon, USA. [PDF]

Royo, A.A., R. Collins, M.B. Adams, C. Kirschbaum, and W.P. Carson. 2010. Pervasive interactions between ungulate browsers and disturbance regimes promote temperate forest herbaceous diversity. Ecology 91(1):93-105. [PDF]

Schnitzer, S.A., and W.P. Carson. 2010. Lianas suppress tree regeneration and diversity in treefall gaps. Ecology Letters 13:849-857. [PDF]

Krueger, L.M., C.J. Peterson, A. Royo, and W.P. Carson. 2009. Evaluating relationships among tree growth rate, shade tolerance, and browse tolerance following disturbance in an eastern deciduous forest. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 39:2460-2469. [PDF]

Banta, J.A.*, S.C. Stark*, M.H.H. Stevens, T.H. Pendergast, IV, A. Baumert, and W.P. Carson. 2008. Light reduction predicts widespread patterns of dominance between asters and goldenrods. Plant Ecology 199:65-76. [PDF]

Carson, W.P., J.T. Anderson, E.G. Leigh, Jr., and S.A. Schnitzer. 2008. Challenges associated with testing and falsifying the Janzen-Connell Hypothesis: A review and critique. Pages 210-241 in W.P. Carson and S.A. Schnitzer, editors. Tropical forest community ecology. Wiley-Blackwell Publishing, Oxford, UK. [PDF]

Carson, W.P., S.M. Hovick, A.J. Baumert, D.E. Bunker, and T.H. Pendergast, IV. 2008. Evaluating the post-release efficacy of invasive plant biocontrol by insects: A comprehensive approach. Arthropod-Plant Interactions 2:77-86. [PDF]

Carson, W.P., and S.A. Schnitzer, editors. 2008. Tropical forest community ecology. Wiley-Blackwell Publishing, Oxford, UK, 536 pp. [TOC-PDF]

Paine, C.E.T., K.E. Harms, S.A. Schnitzer, and W.P. Carson. 2008. Weak competition among tropical tree seedlings: Implications for species coexistence. Biotropica 40(4):432-440. [PDF]

Peterson, C.J., and W.P. Carson. 2008. Processes constraining woody species succession on abandoned pastures in the tropics: On the relevance of temperate models of succession. Pages 367-383 in W.P. Carson and S.A. Schnitzer, editors. Tropical forest community ecology. Wiley-Blackwell Publishing, Oxford, UK. [PDF]

Royo, A.A., and W.P. Carson. 2008. Direct and indirect effects of a dense understory on tree seedling recruitment in temperate forests: Habitat-mediated predation versus competition. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 38:1634-1645. [PDF]

Schnitzer, S.A., J. Mascaro, and W.P. Carson. 2008. Treefall gaps and the maintenance of plant species diversity in tropical forests. Pages 196-209 in W.P. Carson and S.A. Schnitzer, editors. Tropical forest community ecology. Wiley-Blackwell Publishing, Oxford, UK. [PDF]

Long, Z.T., T.H. Pendergast, IV, and W.P. Carson. 2007. The impact of deer on relationships between tree growth and mortality in an old-growth beech-maple forest. Forest Ecology and Management 252:230-238. [PDF]

Reese, G.T., W.P. Carson, A.J. Baumert, B.A. Rosensteel, L.B. Roberts, R.A. Relyea, C.J. Peterson, and L.J. Ealy. 2007. I-99 environmental research - task c - monitoring and assessment of wetland hydro-biological indicators for land-use planning in highway corridors. Federal Highway Administration, USA, 287 pp.

Carson, W.P., T. Elnaccash, C. Heckel, T.H. Pendergast, IV, and M. Urban*. 2006. The world's rain forests: A primer on uniqueness [Review of: Tropical rain forests: An ecological and biogeographical comparison, R. Primack and R. Corlett, 2005]. Ecology 87(7):1869-1870. [PDF]

Kurzel, B.P., S.A. Schnitzer, and W.P. Carson. 2006. Predicting liana crown location from stem diameter in three Panamanian lowland forests. Biotropica 38(2):262-266. [PDF]

Royo, A.A., and W.P. Carson. 2006. On the formation of dense understory layers in forests worldwide: Consequences and implications for forest dynamics, biodiversity, and succession. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 36:1345-1362. [PDF]

Stark, S.C.*, D.E. Bunker, and W.P. Carson. 2006. A null model of exotic plant diversity tested with exotic and native species-area relationships. Ecology Letters 9:136-141. [PDF]

Banta, J.A.*, A.A. Royo, C. Kirschbaum, and W.P. Carson. 2005. Plant communities growing on boulders in the Allegheny National Forest: Evidence for boulders as refugia from deer and as a bioassay of overbrowsing. Natural Areas Journal 25(2):10-18. [PDF]

Bunker, D.E., and W.P. Carson. 2005. Drought stress and tropical forest woody seedlings: Effect on community structure and composition. Journal of Ecology 93:794-806.[PDF]

Comisky, L.*, A.A. Royo, and W.P. Carson. 2005. Deer browsing creates rock refugia gardens on large boulders in the Allegheny National Forest, Pennsylvania. American Midland Naturalist 154(1):201-206. [PDF]

Royo, A.A., and W.P. Carson. 2005. The herb community of a tropical forest in central Panama: Dynamics and impact of mammalian herbivores. Oecologia 145:66-75. [PDF]

Carson, W.P., J.P. Cronin, and Z.T. Long. 2004. A general rule for predicting when insects will have strong top-down effects on plant communities: On the relationship between insect outbreaks and host concentration. Pages 193-211 in W.W. Weisser and E. Siemann, editors. Insects and ecosystem function. Ecological studies 173. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany. [PDF]

Collins, R. J., and W. P. Carson. 2004. The effects of environment and life stage on Quercus abundance in the eastern deciduous forest, USA: are sapling densities most responsive to environmental gradients? Forest Ecology and Management 201:241-258. [PDF]

Mascaro, J., S.A. Schnitzer, and W.P. Carson. 2004. Liana diversity, abundance, and mortality in a tropical wet forest in Costa Rica. Forest Ecology and Management 190:3-14. [PDF]

Siemann, E., W.P. Carson, W.E. Rogers, and W.W. Weisser. 2004. Reducing herbivory using insecticides. Pages 303-327 in W.W. Weisser and E. Siemann, editors. Insects and ecosystem function. Ecological studies 173. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany. [PDF]

Stevens, M.H.H., D.E. Bunker, S.A. Schnitzer, and W.P. Carson. 2004. Establishment limitation reduces species recruitment and species richness as soil resources rise. Journal of Ecology 92:339-347. [PDF]

Carson, W.P., and S.A. Schnitzer. 2003. Deep rainforest ecology [Review of: Nouragues: dynamics and plant-animal interactions in a Neotropical rainforest, F. Bongers, P. Charles-Dominique, P.-M. Forget, and M. Théry, editors, 2002]. Ecology 84(5):1340-1341. [PDF]

Collins, R.J., and W.P. Carson. 2003. The fire and oak hypothesis: Incorporating the effects of deer browsing and canopy gaps. Pages 44-63 in J.W. Van Sambeek, J.O. Dawson, F. Ponder, E.F. Loewenstein, and J.S. Fralish, editors. Proceedings of the 13th Central Hardwood Forest Conference. General Technical Report NC-234. United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA. [PDF]

Long, Z.T., C.L. Mohler, and W.P. Carson. 2003. Extending the resource concentration hypothesis to plant communities: Effects of litter and herbivores. Ecology 84(3):652-665. [PDF]

McGill, D.W., R.J. Collins, and W.P. Carson. 2003. Response of pin cherry to fire, canopy disturbance and deer herbivory on the Westvaco Wildlife and Ecosystem Research Forest. Pages 282-293 in J.W. Van Sambeek, J.O. Dawson, F. Ponder, E.F. Loewenstein, and J.S. Fralish, editors. Proceedings of the 13th Central Hardwood Forest Conference. General Technical Report NC-234. United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA. [PDF]

Cronin, J.P., and W.P. Carson. 2002. Competition. Encyclopedia of life sciences. Macmillan, New York, New York, USA. [PDF]

Schnitzer, S.A., P.B. Reich, B. Bergner, and W.P. Carson. 2002. Herbivore and pathogen damage on grassland and woodland plants: A test of the herbivore uncertainty principle. Ecology Letters 5:531-539. [PDF]

Stevens, M.H.H., and W.P. Carson. 2002. Resource quantity, not resource heterogeneity, maintains plant diversity. Ecology Letters 5:420-426. [PDF]

Schnitzer, S.A., and W.P. Carson. 2001. Treefall gaps and the maintenance of species diversity in a tropical forest. Ecology 82(4):913-919. [PDF]

Stevens, M.H.H., and W.P. Carson. 2001. Phenological complementarity, species diversity, and ecosystem function. Oikos 92:291-296. [PDF]

Carson, W.P., and R.B. Root. 2000. Herbivory and plant species coexistence: community regulation by an outbreaking phytophagous insect. Ecological Monographs 70(1):73-99. [PDF]

Schnitzer, S.A., and W.P. Carson. 2000. Have we forgotten the forest because of the trees? Trends in Ecology & Evolution 15(9):375-376. [PDF]

Schnitzer, S.A., J.W. Dalling, and W.P. Carson. 2000. The impact of lianas on tree regeneration in tropical forest canopy gaps: Evidence for an alternative pathway of gap-phase regeneration. Journal of Ecology 88:655-666. [PDF]

Carson, W.P. 1999. A primer on how to apply and get admitted to graduate school in ecology and evolutionary biology. Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America 80(4):246-250. [PDF]

Carson, W.P., and R.B. Root. 1999. Top-down effects of insect herbivores during early succession: Influence on biomass and plant dominance. Oecologia 121:260-272. [PDF]

Lawson, D., R.S. Inouye, N. Huntly, and W.P. Carson. 1999. Patterns of woody plant abundance, recruitment, mortality, and growth in a 65 year chronosequence of old-fields. Plant Ecology 145:267-279. [PDF]

Schnitzer, S.A., and W.P. Carson. 1999. Tropical environments. Pages 605-609 in D.E. Alexander and R.W. Fairbridge, editors. Encyclopedia of environmental science. Chapman and Hall, London, UK. [PDF]

Stevens, M.H.H., and W.P. Carson. 1999. Plant density determines species richness along an experimental fertility gradient. Ecology 80(2):455-465. [PDF]

Stevens, M.H.H., and W.P. Carson. 1999. The significance of assemblage-level thinning for species richness. Journal of Ecology 87:490-502. [PDF]

Long, Z.T., W.P. Carson, and C.J. Peterson. 1998. Can disturbance create refugia from herbivores: An example with hemlock regeneration on treefall mounds. Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society 125(2):165-168. [PDF]

Peterson, C .J. and W.P. Carson. 1996. Generalizing forest regeneration models: The dependence of propagule availability on disturbance history and stand size. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 26:45-52. [PDF]

Stevens, M.H.H., D.F. Raikow, M.R. Servedio, R.J. Collins, T.L. Schumann, A.N. Tipper, and W.P. Carson. 1996. Hutchinson's chariot [Review of: Species diversity in space and time, T.L. Rosenzweig, 1995]. Bulletin of the Botanical Society of America 42(2):48-49. [PDF]

Belsky, A.J., W.P. Carson, C.L. Jensen, and G.A. Fox. 1993. Overcompensation by plants: Herbivore optimization or red herring? Evolutionary Ecology 7:109-121. [PDF]

Cain, M.L., W.P. Carson, and R.B. Root. 1991. Long-term suppression of insect herbivores increases the production and growth of Solidago altissima rhizomes. Oecologia 88:251-257. [PDF]

Facelli, J.M., and W.P. Carson. 1991. Heterogeneity of plant litter accumulation in successional communities. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 118(1):62-66. [PDF]

Vankat, J.L., and W.P. Carson. 1991. Floristics of a chronosequence corresponding to old field deciduous forest succession in southwestern Ohio. 3. Post-disturbance vegetation. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 118(4):385-391. [PDF]

Carson, W.P., and D.K. Abbiw. 1990. The vegetation of a fire protection site on the northern Accra Plains, Ghana. African Journal of Ecology 28:143-146. [PDF]

Carson, W.P., and C.J. Peterson. 1990. The role of litter in an old-field community: Impact of litter quantity in different seasons on plant-species richness and abundance. Oecologia 85:8-13. [PDF]

Carson, W.P., and S.T.A. Pickett. 1990. Role of resources and disturbance in the organization of an old-field plant community. Ecology 71(1):226-238. [PDF]

Peterson, C.J., W.P. Carson, B.C. McCarthy, and S.T.A. Pickett. 1990. Microsite variation and soil dynamics within newly created treefall pits and mounds. Oikos 58:39-46. [PDF]

Carson, W.P., and G.W. Barrett. 1988. Succession in old-field plant communities: Effects of contrasting types of nutrient enrichment. Ecology 69(4):984-994. [PDF]

Pickett, S.T.A., and W.P. Carson. 1987. Review of: Ecology: Individuals, populations, communities, M. Begon, J.L. Harper, and C.R. Townsend, 1986. Brittonia 39:407-408. [PDF]

Carson, W.P. 1985. The ecology of the Accra and Winneba Plains with some aspects of related savanna ecosystems. Pages 4-74 in B.W. Garbrah, editor. Impact of human activities on the structure and productivity of the savanna ecosystem in Ghana. Ghana National Committee for the Man and the Biosphere Program. Volume I. UNESCO/MAB, Accra, Ghana. [PDF]

Roberts, T.L., W.P. Carson, and J.L. Vankat. 1982. The seed bank and the initial revegetation of disturbance sites in Hueston Woods State Nature Preserve. Pages 150-155 in G.E. Willeke, editor. Proceedings of a Symposium at the Hueston Woods State Park and Nature Preserve. Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, USA. [PDF]